Water restrictions under climate change: a Rhône–Mediterranean perspective combining bottom-up and top-down approaches

Combining Top-down and Bottom-up approaches for ROBDD Construction

ROBDDs have traditionally been built in a bottom-up fashion, through the recursive use of Bryant's apply procedure [6], or the ITE [4] procedure. With these methods, the peak memory utilization is often larger than the nal ROBDD size. Though methods like Dynamic Variable Reordering [21] have been proposed to reduce the memory utilization, such schemes have an associated time penalty. In this pa...

Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down

We motivate the formulation of market equilibrium as a mixed complementarity problem which explicitly represents weak inequalities and complementarity between decision variables and equilibrium conditions. The complementarity format permits an energy-economy model to combine technological detail of a bottom-up energy system with a second-best characterization of the overall economy. Our primary...

The ideological divide and climate change opinion: “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches

The United States wields disproportionate global influence in terms of carbon dioxide emissions and international climate policy. This makes it an especially important context in which to examine the interplay among social, psychological, and political factors in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to climate change. In this article, we review the emerging literature addressing the liberal-...

A Comparative Study of Effect of Bottom-up and Top-down Instructional Approaches on EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Recall and Retention

This quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of bottom-up and top-down instructional approaches on English as a foreign language (EFL) vocabulary recall and retention. To this end, 44 high school students from two intact classes were assigned to bottom-up (n = 21) and top-down (n = 23) groups. The participants were exposed to 20 hours of explicit vocabulary instruction during 10 weeks ...

Bottom-up, top-down